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1 000 000 Mark
| Issuer | Stadt Neuss (City of Neuss) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1923 |
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| Composition | Paper |
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| Obverse description | The obverse is printed in black on pale paper with a fine geometric guilloche underprint in grey-blue. Solid black decorative bands at top and bottom carry the denomination numerals '1000 000' flanking the issuer name and 'Eine Million Mark' in Gothic Fraktur lettering. A large ornate blackletter vignette inscription 'Eine Million' occupies the centre field, with the numeral '1' rendered in outline behind it as a pale underprint element. Below, a text block in Gothic script states the date 'Neuss, den 15. August 1923' and the authority line 'Der Oberbürgermeister:', followed by a manuscript signature and a serial number. The printer's imprint 'L. Schwann Düsseldorf' appears at lower right. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse is printed in a single grey tone and carries a large central oval vignette enclosing the municipal coat of arms of Neuss: a quartered shield bearing an eagle and a cross, surmounted by a crown, and supported on either side by a rampant lion in heraldic pose. The oval is set against a finely stippled background with radiating line work, framed by an ornamental rectangular border with scrollwork corner pieces and a decorative lower band of foliate motifs. No textual inscription appears on the reverse. |
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| Comments |
Neuss's million-mark emergency money was a product of the Ruhr occupation crisis — French and Belgian forces had moved into the industrial region in January 1923 to enforce reparations payments in kind, and the German government's policy of passive resistance, funded by mass currency printing, accelerated the hyperinflationary collapse that made denominations like this necessary within months. Local authorities across the Rhineland were left to issue their own emergency notes as the Reichsbank struggled to keep pace with demand for physical currency.
L. Schwann was a Düsseldorf commercial printer, not a specialist banknote firm — a detail that shows in the utilitarian execution typical of Notgeld at this denomination level.