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Tetradrachm - Vologases III Є

Issuer Parthian Empire (Parthian Empire (247 BC - 224 AD))
Year 121
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Composition Billon
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Obverse description Diademed and draped bust of Vologases III facing left, wearing a tiara with elaborate decorative elements characteristic of Parthian royal portraiture. The effigy is rendered in the distinctive stylized manner of late Parthian coinage, with the king's features presented in a frontal-influenced left-facing profile. The Greek letter Є (epsilon) appears in the field behind the royal portrait, serving as a control mark or regnal indicator. The flan is irregular, typical of hammered billon tetradrachms of the Parthian series.
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Reverse lettering [ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ] / ΒΑΣΙΛΕ[ΩΝ - ΑΡΣΑΚΟY] / OΛAΓAΣO[Y] - ΔΙΚΑΙΟY / ΠΕΡΙΤΕΙΟΥ - ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟY[Σ / ΦΙΛΕΛΛΗΝΟΣ] - ΓΛY
(Translation: The King of the Kings Arsakos Olagasos of Justice of the Illustrious Philhellene Periteios (January).)
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Additional information

Vologases III ruled during a period of sustained Roman pressure on Parthia's western frontiers, with Trajan's campaigns having recently pushed deep into Mesopotamia before his death in 117 AD forced a Roman withdrawal. The tetradrachms of his reign were struck at Seleucia-on-the-Tigris, the old Seleucid capital that Parthian monarchs never fully displaced as a commercial hub, and the billon composition reflects decades of gradual debasement from the purer silver issues of earlier kings.

The Є control mark places this among a specific emission sequence identified by Sellwood. Shore 408 confirms the attribution without significant variation.

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