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| 表面の説明 | Within a raised linear square border, a recumbent deer depicted in profile facing right, its legs folded beneath the body and antlers rendered in a stylized manner rising above the head. The surrounding field outside the square frame bears traces of Arabic legend or decorative elements characteristic of Golden Horde copper coinage. The overall design reflects the animalistic iconographic tradition common to Jochid pul issues of the late 13th and early 14th centuries. |
|---|---|
| 表面の文字体系 | Arabic |
| 表面の銘文 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 裏面の説明 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 裏面の文字体系 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 裏面の銘文 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 縁 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 鋳造所 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 鋳造数 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 追加情報 |
Toqta's reign consolidated Golden Horde power after years of internal succession conflict following Möngke Temür's death, and his Crimean mint at Qrim was among the most active copper-producing facilities in the western steppe economy. These puls circulated as the fractional backbone of a monetized market system that surprised contemporary Arab travelers, who noted the Horde's towns functioned on coin exchange rather than barter. Copper issues from Qrim are frequently found in excavation hoards alongside Genoese and Byzantine commercial tokens — physical evidence of how thoroughly the Black Sea trade network had penetrated Horde territory by the late thirteenth century.