Pfennig - Unknown ruler Völkermarkt

Völkermarkt, one of the oldest minting towns in Carinthia, operated under a tangle of overlapping jurisdictional claims throughout the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries — ducal authority repeatedly contested by episcopal and ministerial interests. The attribution "unknown ruler" here is not evasion but honest scholarship; the CNA sequence around Cc42 reflects genuine difficulty in assigning these bracteate-influenced pfennigs to specific individuals within the Meinhardiner line after Meinhard II's death in 1295 fragmented administrative coherence across the duchy.