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Penny - William I Paxs type
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1083-1086 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | 19 mm |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A bold cross pattée divides the field into four quarters, each containing a letter within a raised annulet or circle, spelling PAXS — the type name of this issue. The cross is enclosed within an inner beaded circle, beyond which a decorated border of trefoils or leaf ornaments fills the outer field, characteristic of late Norman hammered pennies. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
The Paxs type takes its name from the word struck across the reverse — an unusual choice that some historians link to William's efforts to project ecclesiastical authority and domestic order during a period of baronial unrest in the early 1080s. It was the final type of his reign, superseded only by his death in 1087 following injuries sustained at the Siege of Mantes.
Dies were cut and distributed to licensed moneyers operating across roughly sixty English mints, a system inherited from the late Anglo-Saxon administration that William pragmatically kept intact.