Kopeck - Mikhail I

Mikhail Romanov's accession in 1613 ended the Time of Troubles — a decade of dynastic collapse, Polish occupation, and famine that had gutted Russian silver coinage almost entirely. The wire-money kopeck he inherited was already centuries old in form, and his treasury was in no condition to reform it. These early Mikhail issues were struck at Moscow, Pskov, and Novgorod simultaneously, each mint producing coins with subtle orthographic differences in the tsar's titulature that specialists use to attribute them today.