Fals - al-Mansûr Muhammad II Hamah

Al-Mansûr Muhammad II ruled Hamah as the last of the Ayyubid governors under Mamluk suzerainty — a vestigial arrangement the sultanate tolerated until it did not. His reign ended when the Mamluks simply absorbed the territory outright in 1341, making any coinage struck in his name a product of a polity already effectively dismantled. The fals denomination was the workhorse of small commerce, struck locally and circulating within tight regional boundaries rather than across the broader sultanate.