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Denier - Ralph Le Puy mint
| Issuer | West Francia, Kingdom of |
|---|---|
| Year | 923-936 |
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| Currency | Pound (840-987) |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | A retrograde Carolingian royal monogram occupies the center of the field, enclosed within a raised beaded inner circle. The monogram, composed of interlaced letters in the manner of Carolingian chancery script, is rendered in low relief and appears inverted relative to normal reading orientation. A circular Latin legend surrounds the beaded circle, identifying the mint city of Le Puy. The design follows the established Carolingian denier convention of pairing a royal monogram with a mint-name legend. |
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| Additional information |
Ralph (Raoul) of Burgundy seized the West Frankish throne in 923 following the capture of Charles the Simple by Herbert II of Vermandois, ruling a kingdom whose royal coinage authority had fragmented badly. Le Puy — a major pilgrimage town in the Auvergne — operated as a mint under loose royal oversight, and issues from this period reflect the decentralization that would deepen into the feudal minting chaos of the late tenth century. The references here span Gariel, Prou, and Morrison, suggesting this type has been catalogued across generations of French medieval numismatics without clean consensus on precise attribution.