Denier - Ralph Beauvais mint, Type 1

Ralph (Raoul) of Burgundy seized the West Frankish throne in 923 after the deposition of Charles the Simple, who remained imprisoned until his death in 929. The Beauvais mint had operated under Carolingian royal authority for decades, and coinage struck there during Ralph's reign reflects the administrative continuity his court was anxious to project — a king of disputed legitimacy leaning hard on established minting infrastructure to signal royal normalcy.

The Type 1 classification distinguishes this issue from later die variants documented by Prou and Gariel, placing it among the earliest strikes of the reign.