Denier - Louis VI Étampes, 3e type

Louis VI ruled as one of the more assertive Capetian kings, spending much of his reign physically suppressing the castellan lords who had made the Île-de-France ungovernable for his predecessors. The Étampes mint operated under direct royal authority, and coinage from this lordship reflects his systematic effort to consolidate monetary control over the royal domain — a process still incomplete at his death in 1137.

The third type designation distinguishes it from earlier Étampes issues by die characteristics documented in Duplessy's classification. These distinctions are subtle in hand but meaningful to series specialists.