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Denier - Louis VI Bourges mint, 1st type

Issuer France
Year 1108-1137
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Facing bearded and crowned royal effigy rendered in schematic, archaic style within a central beaded inner circle. The king's face is depicted frontally with rudimentary facial features characteristic of early Capetian coinage, the crown indicated above the head. The surrounding field between the inner circle and the toothed outer border carries the Latin legend. The overall style reflects the primitive engraving conventions of early 12th-century French feudal coinage.
Obverse script Latin
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Louis VI spent much of his reign in near-constant military conflict with the castellans of the Île-de-France, fighting to impose Capetian authority over barons who had effectively operated as independent powers for generations. The Bourges mint came under direct royal control following the submission of the Berry region, and its output during this period reflects the deliberate administrative expansion of the French crown into territories where Capetian coinage had previously had no foothold.

Duplessy 87 distinguishes this first type from the subsequent Bourges issues by the annulets in the cross quarters — a feature that disappeared as the dies evolved through Louis's long reign.

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