Denier - Lothair II Bordeaux mint

Lothair II ruled West Francia during one of the Carolingian dynasty's most turbulent periods of fragmentation, contending simultaneously with Ottonian pressure from the east and the creeping autonomy of his own magnates. The Bordeaux mint operated under conditions of increasingly local authority during this reign — the regional nobility had been absorbing comital and episcopal minting rights since the mid-tenth century, and the royal monopoly on coinage was, in practice, already eroding before Lothair's death in 986.

The Gariel and Morrison references place this firmly within a small documented group from the Bordeaux atelier, which is among the less-prolific royal mints of the period.