Denier - Ladislaus IV

Ladislaus IV — known as Ladislaus the Cuman — spent much of his reign in open conflict with the papacy, the Hungarian nobility, and his own mother's Cuman kinsmen simultaneously. His preference for Cuman companions and customs over his Christian magnates earned him an excommunication in 1279 and, ultimately, assassination by Cuman tribesmen in 1290. Coinage attributed to his reign is notoriously difficult to sequence chronologically, as royal monetary authority was repeatedly disrupted by baronial factions controlling different minting centers.