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Denier - Charles Robert

Issuer Kingdom of Hungary (Charles I)
Year 1307-1308
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Shape Round (irregular)
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Obverse description Facing crowned royal head rendered in crude medieval style, the face depicted frontally with prominent eyes and a wide crown decorated with fleurs-de-lis and pellets. Curling hair or drapery flanks the face on either side, with small pellets or annulets placed in the surrounding field. The design is characteristic of early Angevin Hungarian coinage, produced by hammering and exhibiting the irregular flan typical of the period.
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Reverse description Divided heraldic shield occupying the central field, displaying the Árpád dynastic stripes on the dexter side and the Angevin fleurs-de-lis on the sinister side, referencing Charles Robert's dual dynastic claims. The shield is rendered in a simple, bold style consistent with hammered medieval coinage. Small pellets or annulets appear in the field to the left and right of the shield, serving as mint or privy marks. The overall composition is unframed and fills the irregular flan without a surrounding legend.
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Additional information

Charles Robert of Anjou spent years fighting to secure the Hungarian throne after the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, with rival claimants backed by powerful magnates contesting his rule well into the 1310s. These earliest deniers, struck before his authority was even fully established outside a handful of loyal counties, were almost certainly produced in limited quantities at a single loyalist mint — possibly Buda — as much to assert legitimacy as to supply commerce.

The tight reference cluster across Éremédy-Haraszti, Huszár, and the Anjou corpus reflects how heavily specialists have had to cross-reference survival evidence to even confirm the type's chronology.

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