Denier - Charles III Toul mint

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正面文字	Latin
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背面描述	The reverse bears the mint name TVLLO inscribed in a single horizontal line across the centre of the flan, rendered in large, bold Carolingian capital letters characteristic of early tenth-century episcopal mint production. The letters are raised in relief against a plain, unadorned field. No inner circle or border is present, and the irregular flan edge is typical of hammered coinage of this era. This straightforward civic legend identifies the mint as Toul, an important episcopal town in the Lotharingian realm.
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附加信息	Charles III — "the Simple" — came to the Frankish throne in circumstances defined by Viking pressure and noble betrayal. His reign saw the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte in 911, by which he ceded the territory that became Normandy to Rollo, a concession that freed resources for consolidating Lotharingia, a kingdom disputed with the East Franks for decades. Toul, as an episcopal mint operating under royal authority, was one of the few active striking centers in the region during this window of Carolingian control. The Prou and Gariel references place this type firmly within the documented Carolingian denier sequence for the Toul workshop.

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