Denier - Charlemagne Verdun mint, VIRDVN

Verdun's mint was among the more active in the Carolingian network during this early period, before Charlemagne's monetary reform of 793–794 abolished the lighter deniers and mandated a heavier, standardized coinage across the realm. This piece predates that reform — the last significant overhaul of Frankish coinage before the medieval monetary system calcified around it for centuries.

The 793–794 reform raised the weight standard substantially and curtailed the number of authorized mints, ending production at several regional centers entirely.