Denier - Charlemagne Tours mint

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正面文字	Latin
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背面描述	A prominent crosslet occupies the central field, its arms boldly struck and slightly splayed, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. The mint name TVRNIS is disposed as a circular legend around the inner beaded border, identifying the Tours mint. The overall design is typical of the pre-reform Carolingian denier, with the cross serving as a devotional and monetary symbol, and the flan showing characteristic hammered irregularity.
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附加信息	This issue predates Charlemagne's monetary reform of 793–794, which scrapped the lighter Merovingian weight standard and introduced the heavier denier at roughly 1.7g — making coins of this earlier type survivors of a deliberately obsolete system. Tours operated as one of the more productive Carolingian mints, benefiting from its position on pilgrimage and trade routes through the Loire valley. The reform was sweeping enough that pre-reform deniers were largely called in and restruck, which accounts for the genuine scarcity of this type in any grade.

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