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Denier - Charlemagne Parma
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 773-793 |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Reverse description | Central field bears the mint name PARMA arranged in two lines within a plain linear border, identifying the Lombard mint city responsible for the coin's production. The legend reads PAR / MA in bold, blocky hammered lettering consistent with Carolingian epigraphic deniers of the late 8th century. No additional devices, symbols, or crosses are present, the design being purely inscriptional. The flan is irregular and slightly uneven, typical of the hammered coinage of this period. This mint attribution to Parma reflects Charlemagne's administrative consolidation of northern Italian mints following the Lombard conquest. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering | PAR MA (Translation: Parma.) |
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