Denier - Charlemagne Milan mint

This belongs to the earliest phase of Carolingian coinage reform, predating Charlemagne's landmark 793–794 monetary overhaul that increased the silver denier's weight to roughly 1.7g and redefined the relationship between the libra, solidus, and denarius. The Milan mint — ancient Mediolanum — had been a major imperial striking center under the Romans and resumed that role under Lombard rule before Charlemagne's conquest of the Lombard kingdom in 774 brought it into the Carolingian monetary network.

The variant designations across Prou, Morrison, and Gariel reflect genuine die diversity within this early pre-reform group rather than cataloger disagreement.