Denier - Charlemagne Lucca mint, monogram

Charlemagne's monetary reform of 793–794 scrapped the earlier light denier standard and introduced a heavier silver coinage unified across the Frankish realm — a deliberate administrative act tied to his broader effort to standardize weights and measures alongside the new libra, solidus, and denarius accounting system. Lucca, an established Lombard mint absorbed after his conquest of northern Italy in 774, was among the mints brought into this reformed framework.

The Gariel reference places this squarely within the monogram series, where regional mint identity was subordinated to the imperial program. Lucca issues from this period are notably scarce relative to the northern Frankish mints.