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Denier - Charlemagne Christian legend, long titles
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 812-814 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Denier (1⁄240) |
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| Obverse description | Laureate and draped bust of Charlemagne facing right, rendered in the stylized, low-relief manner characteristic of Carolingian hammered coinage. The emperor's portrait occupies the central field, displaying a diademed head with rudimentary facial features consistent with the artistic conventions of the period. The surrounding circular legend, interrupted by a cross at the beginning, reads D N KARVS IMP AVG REX F ET L, proclaiming Charlemagne as emperor, augustus, and king of the Franks and Lombards. The flan is irregular in shape and slightly uneven, as expected of hand-struck medieval silver. The die work reflects the transitional imperial portraiture introduced during the final years of Charlemagne's reign. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ✠ D N KΛRLVS IMP ΛVG REX F ET L (Translation: Our Lord Charles, emperor august, king of the Franks and Lombards.) |
| Reverse description | A stylized temple or church facade rendered in low relief occupies the central field of the reverse, depicted with a triangular pediment supported by two columns enclosing a cross or monogram device, consistent with the CHRISTIANA RELIGIO type introduced under Charlemagne. This architectural motif, evoking early Christian ecclesiastical imagery, is a hallmark of the late Carolingian reform coinage. The surrounding circular legend reads XPICTIANA RELIGIO, affirming the Christian faith of the Frankish realm. A cross precedes the legend as an initial mark. The flan is irregular and the strike uneven, with some flatness at the periphery typical of hand-hammered deniers of this series. |
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