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Denier - Charlemagne Avignon mint
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 768-793 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Crude hammered silver flan bearing the royal monogram of Charlemagne in the field, formed by an interlaced design of letters composing the name KARLVS. The monogram is rendered in a bold, angular style typical of early Carolingian coinage, occupying the majority of the coin's surface. The surrounding legend reads CARO LVS in widely spaced Latin majuscules, partially visible around the periphery of the irregular flan. The strike is characteristic of the Avignon workshop during the early Carolingian period, with uneven pressure resulting in weak areas at the flan edges. The overall design reflects the pre-reform Carolingian monetary tradition prior to the standardisation introduced circa 793–794. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A bold plain cross with extended arms divides the reverse field into four quarters, each containing a letter of the mint name AVINIO rendered in coarse Latin majuscules, a type characteristic of pre-reform Carolingian deniers. The cross, deeply struck at centre, extends close to the coin's periphery, serving as both a religious symbol and a structural design element. The letters are distributed one per quadrant around the cross, reading the mint name AVINIO (Avignon) in sequence. The flan edges are ragged and irregular, consistent with hand-cut planchets of the period. The overall fabric and style conform to the documented typology of the Avignon mint under Charlemagne as referenced in Prou and Gariel. |
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| Reverse lettering | AVINIO (Translation: Avignon.) |
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