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Denier - Charlemagne Arles mint, monogram
| Issuer | Unified Carolingian Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 793-812 |
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| Currency | Pound (751-843) |
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| Obverse description | Central field bears the Carolingian royal monogram of Charlemagne, formed by the interlaced letters C, R, L, and S rendered in a bold, angular style within a beaded inner circle. The monogram is a characteristic device of the reformed coinage introduced circa 793. Surrounding the central motif, a circular legend in Latin reads CARLVS REX FR, identifying the issuer as Charles, King of the Franks. The legend is introduced by a cross pattée and the lettering is executed in the distinctive Carolingian minuscule-influenced uncial style typical of hammered silver deniers of this period. The flan is irregular and slightly uneven, consistent with hand-struck production at the Arles mint. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | ✠ CΛRLVS REX FR (Translation: Charles, king of the Franks.) |
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| Reverse lettering | ✠ ΛRELΛTO (Translation: Arles.) |
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