Denier - Charlemagne Arles

Charlemagne's early monetary reform — formalized around 793–794 with the capitulary issued at Frankfurt — transformed the Frankish denarius from a lightweight, inconsistent scruple-based coin into a heavier, standardized pound-based system. This piece predates that reform, placing it within the older weight standard that Charlemagne inherited from his father Pippin III and spent his first decades slowly displacing.

Arles retained its mint because of its position as the dominant commercial node of the lower Rhône, connecting Frankish territory to Mediterranean trade routes that Charlemagne was politically invested in controlling. Morrison's classification separates these early Carolingian deniers by monogram type; the overlap between Car#6 and Car#54 in the references suggests this example sits at a transitional point in die production at the Arles workshop.