Denier - Arnulf and Berengar I Pavia mint

This denier falls within the nine-month co-regency of Arnulf of Carinthia and Berengar I — a period of genuine dual authority rather than a nominal joint title. Arnulf, already crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 896, granted Berengar control of Italy while retaining nominal supremacy, and the Pavia mint briefly produced coinage acknowledging both rulers before Arnulf's deteriorating health ended his Italian ambitions entirely. He suffered a severe stroke in 899 and never returned south of the Alps.