Denier - Andrew III

Andrew III, the last of the Árpád dynasty, came to power in 1290 amid bitter succession disputes with Charles Martel of the Angevins, who pressed a rival claim backed by the papacy. His eleven-year reign was defined by near-constant pressure from Croatian and Austrian factions, and royal minting authority during this period was repeatedly compromised by powerful magnates who extracted concessions — including control over local revenues — as the price of their loyalty. The small silver coinage of his reign reflects a fragmented fiscal administration rather than any deliberate monetary policy.