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| 正面描述 | Imperial Russian double-headed eagle arms at upper centre, flanked by large ornate numeral 5 on each side. The denomination ПЯТЬ МАРОКЪ (Five Marks) is inscribed in bold Cyrillic lettering across the centre, with the header ВРЕМЕННЫЙ РАЗМЕННЫЙ ЗНАКЪ (Temporary Exchange Note) at top. A lengthy Russian-language text body occupies the lower portion, with two manuscript facsimile signatures below the issuing authority inscription ЗАПАДНОЙ ДОБРОВОЛЬЧЕСКОЙ АРМIИ · МИТАНА 10·ОКТ·1919, and a serial number prefixed Ж in the upper right corner. |
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| 背面铭文 | KASSENSCHEIN FÜNF MARK AUSGEGEBEN LAUT VERFÜGUNG DER HEERESLEITUNG DER "FREIWILLIGEN WESTARMEE" Mitau, 10. Oct. 1919 NACHAHMUNGEN DIESER KASSENSCHEINE WERDEN STRAFRECHTLICH VERFOLGT |
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The Western Volunteer Army under Pavel Bermondt-Avalov occupied Mitau briefly in 1919 and issued this currency as part of a broader — and largely delusional — campaign to hold territory against both Bolshevik and Latvian nationalist forces simultaneously. Bermondt-Avalov's command was never recognized by the White movement's main leadership, and his army was effectively a rogue force, funded in part by German officers who never fully accepted the armistice terms.
The notes were printed locally in Mitau during the occupation and circulated under duress in a region where confidence in any issuing authority was essentially zero. Latvian forces drove Bermondt-Avalov out by December 1919, ending the currency's brief run almost immediately after it began.