4 Kharub - Abdulmecid I and Muhammad II

Tunisia's bimetallic coinage reform of the 1850s was driven largely by French commercial pressure and the financial strain of the 1864 loan crisis still looming on the horizon — this issue predates that collapse by just a few years, struck when the Husainid beys were threading a narrow path between Ottoman suzerainty and European creditor demands. The dual-authority attribution, referencing both Sultan Abdülmecid I in Istanbul and Muhammad II Bey in Tunis, reflects the careful legal fiction Tunisia maintained: nominally Ottoman, functionally autonomous.

KM#135 is among the smaller silver fractions of the reformed series, and surviving examples in collectible condition are genuinely scarce given the coin's modest silver content and heavy use in daily commerce.