2 Escudos - Fernando VII

Fernando VII never set foot in Peru — he was imprisoned at Valençay by Napoleon from 1808 onward — yet the Lima mint continued striking gold coinage in his name throughout the occupation period. This issue falls during the height of the independence movement in Spanish South America, when royalist control of Peru remained firm even as Buenos Aires, Caracas, and Bogotá were fracturing. Lima was, for a time, the last reliable stronghold of Spanish monetary authority on the continent.

The 1812–1813 date range coincides with the liberal Cádiz Constitution, which briefly altered the administrative character of colonial minting before Ferdinand's restoration swept it aside in 1814.