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1 Yuan Pattern, 'Fat Man dollar', six characters, copper

Issuer Republic of China
Year 1914
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Engraver(s) Luigi Giorgi
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Obverse description Left-facing draped bust effigy of Yuan Shikai, President of the Republic of China, rendered in high relief with fine portrait detail characteristic of the engraver Luigi Giorgi. A six-character legend in Chinese script arcs above the bust within the field. The portrait exhibits the characteristic full-cheeked, broad-shouldered depiction that gives rise to the colloquial 'Fat Man dollar' designation. The coin's copper surface displays a rich patina with toning visible around the devices and in the fields.
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Edge Plain
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The so-called "Fat Man dollar" takes its nickname from the rotund appearance of Yuan Shikai's portrait, produced in 1914 as the new republic sought to establish a unified national coinage to replace the chaotic mixture of provincial issues and foreign trade dollars still dominating commerce. This copper piece is a pattern — never approved for circulation — struck while the mint was evaluating compositions and die designs before settling on the familiar silver production issues.

The six-character reverse designation distinguishes it from the more common eight-character varieties. Kann's documentation of this type as 651X signals its extreme rarity; surviving examples in any condition are genuinely uncommon.

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