1 Rupee - Muhammad Shah Allahabad mint

Muhammad Shah reigned for over three decades — unusually long by Mughal standards of the period — but his tenure saw the empire's effective authority collapse under repeated invasions and provincial defections. The Allahabad mint continued issuing rupees throughout his reign largely as a matter of administrative habit rather than imperial control, with local governors exercising increasing autonomy over actual production. Nadir Shah's 1739 sack of Delhi stripped the imperial treasury and permanently undermined Mughal monetary credibility.

KM#436.6 distinguishes the Allahabad fabric specifically, identifiable by mint epithet on the reverse.