1 Qiran - Naser al-Din Qajar Kashan

Naser al-Din Shah's monetary reforms of the 1870s were attempting to impose some order on a system where coins from multiple mints circulated simultaneously at variable weights, making the actual silver content the only reliable basis for exchange. Kashan operated as one of several provincial mints producing Qirans during this period, and output quality varied considerably between facilities — the Shah's court had limited ability to enforce uniformity across the empire's dispersed minting operations.

The reference A#2938X suggests an attribution outside the main KM sequence, likely reflecting a die variety or mint-mark distinction documented in specialized Persian coinage catalogs.