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1 Ferding Reval countermark
| Issuer | Livonian Order |
|---|---|
| Year | 1530-1534 |
| Type | Emergency coin |
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| Obverse description | Central shield bearing a cross, below which the date appears; the shield and date are enclosed within a circular Latin legend. A countermark in the form of a smaller shield containing a cross has been applied to the field, revaluing the host coin. The design elements are executed in the hammered style characteristic of early sixteenth-century Baltic municipal coinage. |
|---|---|
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
The Livonian Order's ferding denomination emerged from the peculiar monetary fragmentation of the eastern Baltic, where the Order, the Archbishop of Riga, and the bishops of Dorpat and Ösel each issued competing coinages across overlapping jurisdictions. A countermark of this type typically indicates a revalidation — an administrative decision to extend the currency's acceptance, often in response to debasement disputes or the expiration of a minting privilege. The 1530s were a period of acute political pressure on the Order, with the Reformation actively dismantling ecclesiastical authority across Livonia and complicating interregional monetary agreements.
Haljak 87b is among the scarcer countermark varieties in the ferding series.