1 Fen Copper

The Manchurian Provincial Government issued this fen coinage under the authority of Zhang Xueliang, who had inherited control of Manchuria from his assassinated father Zhang Zuolin just the year before. The elder Zhang was killed in June 1928 when Kwantung Army officers detonated a bomb beneath his private railway car — a plot that Tokyo officially disavowed. Within months, the younger Zhang had declared loyalty to the Nationalist government in Nanjing, making this coinage among the first struck under the new political alignment before Japanese forces seized the region entirely in 1931.