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1 Ducat - Julius II
| Issuer | Bologna (Papal States) |
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| Year | 1503-1513 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 3.44 g |
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| Obverse description | Within an ornate quadrilobe frame, the papal coat-of-arms of Julius II is prominently displayed, surmounted by the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the triple-crowned Papal tiara. The heraldic composition is rendered in the bold, angular style characteristic of early sixteenth-century hammered gold coinage. A Latin legend encircles the design, identifying the issuing authority. |
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| Obverse lettering | IVLIVS II PONT MAX (Translation: Julius 2nd Supreme Pontiff) |
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| Additional information |
Julius II wrested Bologna from the Bentivoglio family in 1506, personally leading the papal army into the city — one of several military campaigns that earned him the nickname Il Papa Terribile. The right to strike gold coinage there was an immediate assertion of direct papal authority over a city that had functioned as a semi-independent signoria for decades. Bologna's mint had been producing Bentivoglio-affiliated issues until Julius rode in and ended that arrangement by force.
The Chimienti reference places this among the better-documented Bolognese papal ducats, though survivors in any condition are genuinely scarce — the issue spans a decade but mintage was never high.