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1 Dollar '1880 Goloid Metric Dollar' Pattern, Copper

Issuer United States Mint
Year 1880
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Shape Round
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Obverse script Latin
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Reverse description Central field features a tabular arrangement of the goloid alloy composition: 15.3 G. (gold), 236.7 S. (silver), and 28 C. (copper), with 14 GRAMS below, all enclosed within a ring of 38 stars. The inscription GOLOID METRIC DOLLAR. arcs above the central data, with the Latin motto DEO EST GLORIA. (Glory be to God) below it. The outer legend reads UNITED STATES OF AMERICA around the upper rim, with the denomination 100 CENTS at the lower rim. The design reflects the utilitarian, data-driven aesthetic characteristic of goloid metric pattern coinage.
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The Goloid Metric dollar was the brainchild of Dr. Wheeler W. Hubbell, who patented a gold-silver-copper alloy in 1878 and spent years lobbying Congress to adopt it as the basis for American coinage. His pitch was partly monetary and partly mathematical — the alloy's composition was calibrated so that a given weight of the metal contained a precise, legally definable quantity of fine silver and gold simultaneously. Congress was sufficiently intrigued to authorize pattern strikes across multiple years, but never moved to production.

This copper striking of Judd-1652 is a die trial rather than a serious monetary proposal — copper blanks were routinely used to test hub and die combinations before committing to precious metal.

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