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1 Bolognino Romano - Boniface IX
| Issuer | Papal States |
|---|---|
| Year | 1389-1404 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Reverse description | Central field features the four letters U-R-B-I arranged in a cruciform pattern, one letter in each quadrant formed by a bold cross, with pellets decorating the angles between the arms. The cross divides the inner circle into four compartments, each containing one letter of the word VRBI, an abbreviation referencing Rome. A circular Latin legend reading IN ROMA VRBI surrounds the design within a beaded border, executed in the characteristic flat-relief hammered style of late 14th-century Papal coinage. |
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| Additional information |
Boniface IX reigned during one of the most fractured moments in Church history — the Western Schism, during which rival claimants held simultaneous papacies in Rome and Avignon. His need to finance both administration and military defense of the Papal States drove aggressive monetization, and the bolognino romano was among the workhorses of that effort. Boniface is also remembered for the scale of his simony, selling offices and indulgences so openly that even sympathetic chroniclers condemned it.
The CNI records this type across a notably wide die range, suggesting sustained and substantial output across his fifteen-year pontificate.