1/2 Kreutzer - Joseph II

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正面文字	Latin
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背面描述	Central cartouche containing the denomination and date in a vertical arrangement, with the denomination expressed as '1/2 KREUTZER' above the four-digit date, and the Vienna mint mark 'W.' below. The cartouche is framed by a curved decorative border, with the overall design characteristic of Josephinian copper coinage of the period.
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附加信息	Joseph II launched a sweeping copper coinage reform in the early 1770s as co-regent under Maria Theresa, standardizing the small denominations that had become a chaotic patchwork across Habsburg hereditary lands. This half kreutzer was part of that rationalization effort — minted at multiple facilities including Vienna, Kremnitz, and Graz, which accounts for the range of minor die variants collectors encounter across the issue years. The Kremnitz strikes tend to show slightly softer detail on copper due to die preparation differences at that facility.

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